High power characterization of piezoelectric materials

Three techniques for measuring high voltage/power piezoelectric properties, which have been developed recently, are compared: a voltage-constant piezoelectric resonance method, a current-constant piezoelectric resonance method, and a pulse drive method. The conventional resonance method with a constant voltage circuit exhibits significant distortion (or a hysteresis) in the resonance frequency spectrum under a high vibration level due to large elastic non-linearity, which limits precise determination of the electromechanical coupling parameters. To the contrary, the resonance method with a constant current circuit (i.e., constant velocity) can determine the coupling parameters more precisely from a perfectly-symmetrical resonance spectrum. The general problem in both resonance methods is heat generation in the sample during the measurement. In order to separate the temperature characteristic from the non-linearity, it is recommended that the pulse method be used in parallel, even though the accuracy is not very high.