At a recent conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections, the role of the gut in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathology, was emphasized. Itis known that human immunodeficiency virus eradicates CD4 cells within the body but it was recently highlighted that the extent to which this occurs in thegut is total. By removing the CD4 cells the guts immunity is exposed to otherpathogens causing an over stinulation of the lymh nodes. This discovery into the origin of immunodeficiency virus infection will hopefully have positive effects on vaccine development in the future.