Illumination invariant recognition of three-dimensional texture in color images

In this paper, illumination-affine invariant methods are presented based on affine moment normalization techniques, Zernike moments, and multiband correlation functions. The methods are suitable for the illumination invariant recognition of 3D color texture. Complex valued moments (i.e., Zernike moments) and affine moment normalization are used in the derivation of illumination affine invariants where the real valued affine moment invariants fail to provide affine invariants that are independent of illumination changes. Three different moment normalization methods have been used, two of which are based on affine moment normalization technique and the third is based on reducing the affine transformation to a Euclidian transform. It is shown that for a change of illumination and orientation, the affinely normalized Zernike moment matrices are related by a linear transform. Experimental results are obtained in two tests: the first is used with textures of outdoor scenes while the second is performed on the well-known CUReT texture database. Both tests show high recognition efficiency of the proposed recognition methods.