Controlled gasification of carbonaceous materials in a water vapour atmosphere .2. Effect of Ca-II and Fe-III ions on the gasification kinetics

The catalytic activities of calcium(II) and iron(III) ions were studied in the controlled gasification of carbonaceous materials by means of water vapour. The Ca-II ions were introduced into the carbonaceous materials by ionic exchange as well as by the classical impregnation method. Irrespective of the method of introduction, calcium ions are an effective catalyst for the process, decreasing the activation energy from 185 kJ/mol to 169-164 kJ/mol. Iron(III) ions are not an effective catalyst for gasification by means of water vapour. During the course of this reaction at high water vapour pressure, the Fe-III ions change into a non-active form of the stable oxide and do not take part in the process.