Thin, Flexible Secondary Li-Ion Paper Batteries

There is a strong interest in thin, flexible energy storage devices to meet modern society needs for applications such as interactive packaging, radio frequency sensing, and consumer products. In this article, we report a new structure of thin, flexible Li-ion batteries using paper as separators and free-standing carbon nanotube thin films as both current collectors. The current collectors and Li-ion battery materials are integrated onto a single sheet of paper through a lamination process. The paper functions as both a mechanical substrate and separator membrane with lower impedance than commercial separators. The CNT film functions as a current collector for both the anode and the cathode with a low sheet resistance (similar to 5 Ohm/sq), lightweight (similar to 0.2 mg/cm(2)), and excellent flexibility. After packaging, the rechargeable Li-ion paper battery, despite being thin (similar to 300 mu m), exhibits robust mechanical flexibility (capable of bending down to <6 mm) and a high energy density (108 mWh/g).