Tai Chi Chuan exercises in enhancing bone mineral density in active seniors

Osteoporosis is a silent, systemic, chronic disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue. Its clinical and public health implications are substantial because of the mortality, morbidity, and medical care cost associated with osteoporotic fractures. Although estrogen-replacement therapy or anti-bone resorptive drugs can prevent postmenopausal bone loss, they also show side effects. Physical activity is an nonpharmacological approach for prevention of osteoporosis. Among different types of physical activities, Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is a low- to moderate-intensity exercise particularly suitable for the elderly, and has been practiced by Chinese for centuries. This article reviews the benefits of TCC for the prevention of osteoporosis and falls by retarding bone loss, improving neuromuscular coordination, and promoting general health.