Left ventricular diastolic properties of hypertensive patients measured by pulsed tissue Doppler imaging

Examination of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients has been based on parameters obtained from the transmitral flow velocity during pulsed Doppler echocardiography. However, these parameters are affected by loading conditions. We evaluated LV diastolic function along the longitudinal and transverse axes by pulsed tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in 50 hypertensive (HT) patients and 36 age-matched healthy volunteers (N). Transmitral flow velocity was recorded by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. LV posterior wall motion velocity along the longitudinal and transverse axes also was recorded by pulsed TDI. In both groups, peak early diastolic velocity of the LV posterior wall (Ew) along the transverse axis (N: 15.8 +/- 5.2 cm/s, HT: 12.2 +/- 4.4 cm/s) was higher than that along the longitudinal axis (N: 12.7 +/- 3.1 cm/s, HT: 9.5 +/- 3.5 cm/s). Peak atrial systolic velocity of the LV posterior wall (Aw) along the longitudinal axis (N: 9.1 +/- 1.8 cm/s, HT: 9.7 +/- 2.6 cm/s) significantly exceeded that along the transverse axis (N: 8.0 +/- 2.2 cm/s, HT: 8.4 +/- 2.4 cm/s) in both groups. The Ews were lower and the Aws were higher along both axes in the patient group than in the control group. The time intervals from the aortic component of the second heart sound to the peak of the early diastolic wave (IIA-Ews) along both the transverse (N: 142 +/- 18 ms, HT: 154 +/- 19 ms) and longitudinal (N: 151 +/- 16 ms, HT: 162 +/- 20 ms) axes were longer in the patient group. In 29 patients, Ews along both axes correlated negatively (transverse: r = -0.80, P < .0001; longitudinal: r = -0.71, P < .0001) and IIA-Ews correlated positively (transverse: r = 0.81, P < .0001; longitudinal: r = 0.74, P < .001) with the time constant of the LV pressure decay during isovolumic diastole. The Aws along both axes in the 24 patients without pseudonormalization in transmitral flow velocity correlated positively (transverse: r = 0.60, P < .001; longitudinal: r = 0.74, P < .0001) with the LV end-diastolic pressure. In conclusion, LV relaxation and filling along the longitudinal and transverse axes were impaired in many patients with hypertension. Pulsed TDI was useful for evaluating LV diastolic dynamics in this disease.