Predicting global atmospheric ice nuclei distributions and their impacts on climate

被引：971

作者：

DeMott, P. J. ^{[1
]}

Prenni, A. J. ^{[1
]}

Liu, X. ^{[2
]}

Kreidenweis, S. M. ^{[1
]}

Petters, M. D. ^{[1
,3
]}

Twohy, C. H. ^{[4
]}

Richardson, M. S. ^{[1
,5
,6
]}

Eidhammer, T. ^{[1
,7
]}

Rogers, D. C. ^{[8
]}

机构：

[1] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA

[2] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA

[3] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA

[4] Oregon State Univ, Dept Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA

[5] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA

[6] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA

[7] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA

[8] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA

来源：

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | 2010年 / 107卷 / 25期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 美国国家航空航天局;

关键词：

aerosol indirect effects; climate forcing; ice nucleation; CLOUD LIQUID WATER; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; NUCLEATING AEROSOLS; PARTICLES; DUST; PARAMETERIZATION; MICROPHYSICS; GLACIATION; RETRIEVAL; CHAMBER;

D O I：

10.1073/pnas.0910818107

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

070301 [无机化学]; 070403 [天体物理学]; 070507 [自然资源与国土空间规划学]; 090105 [作物生产系统与生态工程];

摘要：

Knowledge of cloud and precipitation formation processes remains incomplete, yet global precipitation is predominantly produced by clouds containing the ice phase. Ice first forms in clouds warmer than -36 degrees C on particles termed ice nuclei. We combine observations from field studies over a 14-year period, from a variety of locations around the globe, to show that the concentrations of ice nuclei active in mixed-phase cloud conditions can be related to temperature and the number concentrations of particles larger than 0.5 mu m in diameter. This new relationship reduces unexplained variability in ice nuclei concentrations at a given temperature from similar to 10(3) to less than a factor of 10, with the remaining variability apparently due to variations in aerosol chemical composition or other factors. When implemented in a global climate model, the new parameterization strongly alters cloud liquid and ice water distributions compared to the simple, temperature-only parameterizations currently widely used. The revised treatment indicates a global net cloud radiative forcing increase of similar to 1 W m(-2) for each order of magnitude increase in ice nuclei concentrations, demonstrating the strong sensitivity of climate simulations to assumptions regarding the initiation of cloud glaciation.

引用

页码：11217 / 11222

页数：6

共 46 条

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