Carbon aerogels, cryogels and xerogels:: Influence of the drying method on the textural properties of porous carbon materials

被引:366
作者
Job, N
Théry, A
Pirard, R
Marien, J
Kocon, L
Rouzaud, JN
Béguin, F
Pirard, JP
机构
[1] Univ Liege, Inst Chim, Lab Genie Chim, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
[2] Univ Liege, Inst Chim, Lab Physicochim Surfaces, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
[3] CNRS, Ctr Rech Mat Divisee, F-45071 Orleans, France
[4] CEA, F-37260 Monts, France
[5] Ecole Normale Super, Geol Lab, F-75231 Paris, France
关键词
carbon aerogels; carbon xerogels; texture;
D O I
10.1016/j.carbon.2005.04.031
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号
070304 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Carbon materials with tailored texture can be obtained from drying and pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde gels. The pore texture of both dried and pyrolyzed material depends on the drying process. Several more or less expensive methods (supercritical drying, freeze-drying, evaporative drying) were tested in order to determine which process is the most suitable for the synthesis of a porous carbon with a definite texture. Supercritical drying leads to the highest pore volume and the widest texture range, but residual surface tensions and shrinkage are not avoided when the pore size is small or when the material density is low; this hampers to fix both the pore volume and the pore size easily. Monoliths are very difficult to obtain by freeze-drying, and the appearance of huge channels due to ice crystal growth at high dilution ratio hinders the fabrication of low density materials. Moreover, gels with small pores do not remain frozen throughout drying, which leads to surface tensions and shrinkage. Although generally replaced by more complicated techniques, evaporative drying is suitable when dense carbons are needed or when the only selection criterion is the pore size: all pore sizes are reachable, but this parameter is in this case strongly correlated to the pore volume. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:2481 / 2494
页数:14
相关论文
共 34 条
[1]   Preparation and properties of resorcinol-formaldehyde organic and carbon gels [J].
Al-Muhtaseb, SA ;
Ritter, JA .
ADVANCED MATERIALS, 2003, 15 (02) :101-+
[2]  
Alié C, 2000, STUD SURF SCI CATAL, V128, P177
[3]   Preparation of low-density xerogels through additives to TEOS-based alcogels [J].
Alié, C ;
Pirard, R ;
Lecloux, AJ ;
Pirard, JP .
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS, 1999, 246 (03) :216-228
[4]  
Dullien F, 1979, POROUS MEDIA FLUID T, DOI DOI 10.1016/0300-9467(81)80049-4
[5]   Carbon materials for the electrochemical storage of energy in capacitors [J].
Frackowiak, E ;
Béguin, F .
CARBON, 2001, 39 (06) :937-950
[6]   Synthesis of transition metal-doped carbon xerogels by solubilization of metal salts in resorcinol-formaldehyde aqueous solution [J].
Job, N ;
Pirard, R ;
Marien, J ;
Pirard, JP .
CARBON, 2004, 42 (15) :3217-3227
[7]   Porous carbon xerogels with texture tailored by pH control during sol-gel process [J].
Job, N ;
Pirard, R ;
Marien, J ;
Pirard, JP .
CARBON, 2004, 42 (03) :619-628
[8]   Towards the mechanism of electrochemical hydrogen storage in nanostructured carbon materials [J].
Jurewicz, K ;
Frackowiak, E ;
Béguin, F .
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING, 2004, 78 (07) :981-987
[9]   Texture control of freeze-dried resorcinol-formaldehyde gels [J].
Kocklenberg, R ;
Mathieu, B ;
Blacher, S ;
Pirard, R ;
Pirard, JP ;
Sobry, R ;
Van den Bossche, G .
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS, 1998, 225 (1-3) :8-13
[10]  
Lecloux A.J., 1981, CATALYSIS SCI TECHNO, P171