Bariatric Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with BMI <30 kg/m2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background and Objective The role of bariatric surgery in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains unclear, and its use in clinical practice is controversial. We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis to investigate the metabolic changes after surgical treatment in diabetic patients with body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m(2). Methods We conducted a comprehensive search in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and the Cochrane Library of published articles from January 2000 to April 2013 reporting the clinical outcome changes in various metabolic outcomes in diabetic patients with BMI <30 kg/m(2). Results Ten prospective studies including 290 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Bariatric surgery led to an overall 2.79 kg/m(2) [95% CI 2.05 similar to 3.53, P<0.00001] reduction in BMI, a 1.88%[95% CI 1.32 similar to 2.43, P<0.00001] reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin, a 3.70 mmol/L [95% CI, 1.93 similar to 5.47, P<0.00001] reduction in fasting blood glucose, a 6.69 mmol/L [95% CI, 2.29 similar to 11.08, P=0.003] reduction in postprandial glucose, anda 3.37 [95% CI 0.55 similar to 6.18, P=0.02] reduction in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). After surgical treatment, 76.2% of the patients were insulin free, and 61.8% patients were off medication. In total, 90(42.4%), 10(37%) and 34(37.2%) patients had post-surgical HbA1c levels of <6%,<6.5% and<7%, respectively. No deaths were observed in the included studies, and the major complication rate was 6.2%. Conclusions Based on the currently available data, bariatric surgery might improve glycemic control and weight loss in a very limited range with a doubled surgical complication rate in drug-refractory T2DM patients with BMI <30 kg/m(2). It remains too premature to suggest bariatric surgery for non-obese T2DM patients.