Serum leptin and body composition in polycystic ovarian syndrome

Background: The role of leptin in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is unclear. We investigated the relationship between serum leptin levels, body composition and insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: We analyzed differences between 27 patients with PCOS and 25 control subjects in serum glucose and leptin levels, insulin resistance, body fat mass, lean body mass, and water volume. Results: Serum leptin was significantly correlated with basal insulin levels, BMI and IR in both groups (P<0.01). Fat mass, fat percentage, lean mass and water volumes were positively correlated and lean percentage and water percentage were negatively correlated with leptin levels (P<0.05). Leptin levels were significantly different between the groups in a multivariate regression analysis after correcting for the difference in BMI and body fat percentage (P<0.05). When the effects of fat percentage on serum leptin were eliminated, the levels were significantly different between the PCOS and control groups, and were statistically more powerful than BMI (P<0.01). Conclusion: These findings support the idea that factors other than excess fat mass or fat-free mass might be important in the regulation of serum leptin levels in PCOS.