Gleditsia sinensis fruit extract-induced apoptosis involves changes of reactive oxygen species level, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspase 3 activation

Recently, we have shown that the anomalous fruit extract of Gleditsia sinensis (GSE) processes apoptotic activity on numerous solid turnout and leukaemia cell lines as well as primary cultured leukaemia cells obtained from bone marrow aspirate of patients. GSE treated cancer cells exhibited apoptotic features as readily illustrated by morphological investigation, DNA fragmentation analysis and TUNEL labelling methods. Elevation of intracellular superoxide dismutase activity was observed. However, the detailed mechanism still remains undefined. Here we further demonstrated that cell cycle arrest, increment of hydrogen peroxide production, changes of intracellular acid-base equilibrium and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization (Delta psi(m)) were induced from cancer cells after GSE incubation. Caspase 3 protease activity was significantly enhanced upon GSE treatment. Taken together, a defined signaling pathway for the mechanistic action of GSE on cancer cells was worked out.