In vitro effect of lycopene on cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

There is evidence indicating that regular consumption of tomato products is associated with favorable immunomodulatory effects. In addition, tomato extracts have been shown to possess antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antithrombotic activity in vitro. Since tomatoes are rich in carotenoids and particularly in lycopene-the pigment responsible for the red color of tomatoes-the present work was designed to examine the in vitro effect of lycopene on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 15 healthy subjects. First, 2 X 10(6) PBMC suspended in 1 ml of conditioned medium were incubated over a period of 24 and 48 hours without or with the following concentrations of lycopene: 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 M. The production of the subsequent cytokines was evaluated: IL-1 beta, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10, as well as TNF alpha and IFN gamma. Lycopene induced a dose-dependent increase in IL1 beta, and TNF alpha production and a decrease in IL-2, IL-10 and IFN gamma secretion, whereas that of IL-6 and IL-1ra was not affected. It is concluded that understanding the role of lycopene in modulation of the immune system may promote decisions as for dietary supplementation of lycopene for reducing the risk of certain diseases.