Overexpression of mini-agrin in skeletal muscle increases muscle integrity and regenerative capacity in laminin-α2-deficient mice

Mutations in the gene encoding the alpha 2 subunit of laminins cause the severe "merosin- deficient congenital muscular dystrophy" ( MDC1A). We have recently shown that overexpression of a miniaturized form of the molecule agrin (mini-agrin) counteracts the disease in dy(W)/dy(W) mice, a model for MDC1A. However, these mice express some residual truncated laminin- 2, suggesting that the observed amelioration might be due to mini-agrin's presenting the residual laminin-alpha 2 2 to its receptors. Here we show that the mini-agrin counteracts the disease in dy(3K)/ dy(3K) mice, which are null for laminin-alpha 2. As in dy(W)/ dy(W) mice, mini-agrin improves both the function and structure of muscle. We show that muscle regeneration after injury is severely impaired in dy3K/ dy3K mice but is restored in the mini-agrin-expressing littermates. In summary, our results 1) show that the direct linkage of muscle basal lamina with the sarcolemma is the basis of mini-agrin-mediated amelioration and 2) provide unprecedented evidence that this linkage is important for proper regeneration of muscle fibers after injury. Our findings thus suggest that treatment with mini-agrin might be beneficial over the entire spectrum of the MDC1A disease, whose severity inversely correlates with expression levels and the size of the truncation in laminin- alpha 2.