Miscanthus x giganteus is a perennial energy crop with a C-4 photosynthesis mechanism which has potential as important source biomass energy for Turkey. Its annual yields and energy balance were determined for the central Anatolia-Konya region for 3 years. For the first year, the highest yield was obtained with 100 kgN ha(-1) fertilizer application, 7825.69 MJ t(-1) energy consumption. For the second year, the highest yield was obtained with 100 kg N ha(-1) fertilizer rate, 2361.81 MJ t(-1) energy consumption. For the third year, the highest yield was obtained with 100 kg N ha(-1) fertilizer rate 1818.13 MJ t(-1) energy consumption. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.