Culture and the Distinctiveness Motive: Constructing Identity in Individualistic and Collectivistic Contexts

被引：101

作者：

Becker, Maja ^{[1
]}

Vignoles, Vivian L. ^{[1
]}

Owe, Ellinor ^{[1
]}

Brown, Rupert ^{[1
]}

Smith, Peter B. ^{[1
]}

Easterbrook, Matt ^{[1
]}

Herman, Ginette ^{[2
]}

de Sauvage, Isabelle ^{[2
]}

Bourguignon, David ^{[3
]}

Tones, Ana ^{[4
]}

Camino, Leoncio ^{[4
]}

Silveira Lemos, Flavia Cristina ^{[5
]}

Cristina Ferreira, M. ^{[6
]}

Koller, Silvia H. ^{[7
]}

Gonzalez, Roberto ^{[8
]}

Carrasco, Diego ^{[8
]}

Paz Cadena, Maria ^{[8
]}

Lay, Siugmin ^{[8
]}

Wang, Qian ^{[9
]}

Bond, Michael Harris ^{[10
]}

Vargas Trujillo, Elvia ^{[11
]}

Balanta, Paola ^{[11
]}

Valk, Aune ^{[12
]}

Mekonnen, Kassahun Habtamu ^{[13
]}

Nizharadze, George ^{[14
]}

Fueloep, Marta ^{[15
]}

Regalia, Camillo ^{[16
]}

Manzi, Claudia ^{[16
]}

Brambilla, Maria ^{[16
]}

Harb, Charles ^{[17
]}

Aldhafri, Said ^{[18
]}

Martin, Mariana ^{[19
]}

Macapagal, Ma Elizabeth J. ^{[20
]}

Chybicka, Aneta ^{[21
]}

Gavreliuc, Alin ^{[22
]}

Buitendach, Johanna ^{[23
]}

Schweiger Gallo, Inge ^{[24
]}

Ozgen, Emre ^{[25
]}

Guner, Ulku E. ^{[25
]}

Yamakoglu, Nil ^{[25
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Sussex, Sch Psychol, Brighton, E Sussex, England

[2] Catholic Univ Louvain, Unite Psychol Sociale & Org, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium

[3] Paul Verlaine Univ Metz, Lab INTERPSY ETIC, Metz, France

[4] Univ Fed Paraiba, Dept Psychol, BR-58059900 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil

[5] Fed Univ Para, Dept Psychol, BR-66059 Belem, Para, Brazil

[6] Univ Salgado de Oliveira, Dept Psychol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

[7] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Psychol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

[8] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Sch Psychol, Santiago, Chile

[9] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China

[10] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Social Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China

[11] Univ Los Andes, Dept Psychol, Bogota, Colombia

[12] Estonian Literary Museum, Tartu, Estonia

[13] Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Psychol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

[14] Free Univ Tbilisi, Dept Social Sci, Tbilisi, Georgia

[15] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Psychol, Budapest, Hungary

[16] Catholic Univ Milan, Ctr Family Studies & Res, Milan, Italy

[17] Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Beirut, Lebanon

[18] Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Psychol, Muscat, Oman

[19] Univ Namibia, Dept Human Sci, Windhoek, Namibia

[20] Ateneo Manila Univ, Dept Psychol, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines

[21] Univ Gdansk, Dept Cross Cultural Psychol, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland

[22] W Univ Timisoara, Dept Psychol, Timisoara, Romania

[23] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Psychol, Kwa Zulu, South Africa

[24] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Social Psychol, Madrid, Spain

[25] Bilkent Univ, Dept Psychol, Ankara, Turkey

来源：

JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY | 2012年 / 102卷 / 04期

基金：

英国经济与社会研究理事会;

关键词：

identity; motivation; culture; distinctiveness; self-concept; INTERGROUP DISTINCTIVENESS; SOCIAL AXIOMS; SELF-ESTEEM; UNIQUENESS; VALUES; UNDISTINCTIVENESS; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; UNIVERSALS; DIMENSIONS;

D O I：

10.1037/a0026853

中图分类号：

B84 [心理学];

学科分类号：

04 ; 0402 ;

摘要：

The motive to attain a distinctive identity is sometimes thought to be stronger in, or even specific to, those socialized into individualistic cultures. Using data from 4,751 participants in 21 cultural groups (18 nations and 3 regions), we tested this prediction against our alternative view that culture would moderate the ways in which people achieve feelings of distinctiveness, rather than influence the strength of their motivation to do so. We measured the distinctiveness motive using an indirect technique to avoid cultural response biases. Analyses showed that the distinctiveness motive was not weaker and, if anything, was stronger-in more collectivistic nations. However, individualism collectivism was found to moderate the ways in which feelings of distinctiveness were constructed: Distinctiveness was associated more closely with difference and separateness in more individualistic cultures and was associated more closely with social position in more collectivistic cultures. Multilevel analysis confirmed that it is the prevailing beliefs and values in an individual's context, rather than the individual's own beliefs and values, that account for these differences.

引用

页码：833 / 855

页数：23

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