The method of investigating polycapillaries quality is presented. This method is based on a special experimental arrangement which excludes the influence of exterior geometrical factors (source size, source-capillary distance, etc.) and allows to obtain essential transmissional properties of polycapillaries in the x-lay range. The energy dependence of the radiation transmission coefficient contains important information concerning quality of reflecting surfaces, presence of polycapillary small bents, glass composition, etc. Experimental results are compared with the ray tracing calculations. This comparison allows to estimate the values of roughness and waviness which characterize the polycapillary under investigation.