New trends in the surgical and endovascular reconstructions of large veins for nonmalignant chronic venous occlusive disease

Considerable advances have been made in reconstructive venous surgery in the past two decades because of an increased recognition of venous disease and because of extensive experimental work, Meaningful evaluation of longterm patency of bypass grafts and midterm patency of stent placement are now available and seem appropriate to provide guidelines. Based on our experience and on the literature, this article highlights the techniques and the respective indications of surgical and endovascular treatment of large vein reconstructions.