Experimental models in peritoneal dialysis:: A European experience

Background. The development of adequate animal models is important for the in vivo study of selected aspects of peritoneal dialysis (PD) that cannot be evaluated by an in vitro model, such as peritoneal membrane transport, the influence of local defense mechanisms, and for testing new osmotic agents and their bio-compatibilities. Methods. Our experience with animal models for PD, including the acute Stockholm model in non-uremic rats, the acute and chronic Amsterdam model in non-uremic rats, and the chronic Gent model in uremic rats, is described. Results. The Stockholm model proved to be useful in understanding the normal physiology of peritoneal transport, and for testing new dialysis solutions and their biocompatibilities. It is a rather simple and inexpensive model, and thus is suitable for screening new solutions and additives. The Amsterdam model permits the study of chemokines and mesothelial cell regeneration in vivo, and is applied in a model of chronic peritonitis. The results of the Gent model suggest that chronic peritoneal dialysis in uremic rats is feasible for at least eight weeks. This model is, however, very laborious, time consuming, and expensive. Conclusion. Further improvement of the technique and increase of the dialysis dose should result in a better and more realistic model for peritoneal dialysis. It is hoped that in the future these models will be useful to lest the effects of long-term intraperitoneal application of different dialysis solutions and additives in uremic animals.