From fail-safe to safe-to-fail: Sustainability and resilience in the new urban world

被引：719

作者：

Ahern, Jack ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Landscape Architecture & Reg Planning, Amherst, MA USA

来源：

LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING | 2011年 / 100卷 / 04期

关键词：

Non-equilibrium; Sustainability; Resilience; Adaptive planning and design; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; SCIENCE;

D O I：

10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.02.021

中图分类号：

Q14 [生态学（生物生态学）];

学科分类号：

071012 ; 0713 ;

摘要：

The extent to which the 21st century world will be "sustainable" depends in large part on the sustainability of cities. Early ideas on implementing sustainability focused on concepts of achieving stability, practicing effective management and the control of change and growth - a "fail-safe" mentality. More recent thinking about change, disturbance, uncertainty, and adaptability is fundamental to the emerging science of resilience, the capacity of systems to reorganize and recover from change and disturbance without changing to other states - in other words, systems that are "safe to fail." While the concept of resilience is intellectually intriguing, it remains largely unpracticed in contemporary urban planning and design. This essay discusses the theory of resilience as it applies to urban conditions, and offers a suite of strategies intended to build urban resilience capacity: multifunctionality, redundancy and modularization, (bio and social) diversity, multi-scale networks and connectivity, and adaptive planning and design. The strategies are discussed in the context of resilience theory and sustainability science, and are illustrated with innovative policies, projects, and programs selected from international examples. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：341 / 343

页数：3

共 12 条

[1]

Ahern Jack., 2010, WATER CENTRIC SUSTAI, P135, DOI 10.1002/9780470949962.ch3

[2]

Botkin Daniel., 1990, Discordant Harmonies: A New Ecology for the Twenty-First Century

[3] Sustainability science: The emerging research program [J].

Clark, WC ;

Dickson, NM .

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2003, 100 (14) :8059-8061

[4]

Holling C.S., 1978, International series on applied systems analysis: Adaptive environmental assessment and management, V3

[5] Environment and development -: Sustainability science [J].

Kates, RW ;

Clark, WC ;

Corell, R ;

Hall, JM ;

Jaeger, CC ;

Lowe, I ;

McCarthy, JJ ;

Schellnhuber, HJ ;

Bolin, B ;

Dickson, NM ;

Faucheux, S ;

Gallopin, GC ;

Grübler, A ;

Huntley, B ;

Jäger, J ;

Jodha, NS ;

Kasperson, RE ;

Mabogunje, A ;

Matson, P ;

Mooney, H ;

Moore, B ;

O'Riordan, T ;

Svedin, U .

SCIENCE, 2001, 292 (5517) :641-642

[6]

Lister Nina-Marie., 2007, LARGE PARKS

[7] Resilient cities: meaning, models, and metaphor for integrating the ecological, socio-economic, and planning realms [J].

Pickett, STA ;

Cadenasso, ML ;

Grove, JM .

LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING, 2004, 69 (04) :369-384

[8]

Steiner F.R., 2006, RESILIENT METROPOLIS, P1

[9] LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY - THE EFFECT OF PATTERN ON PROCESS [J].

TURNER, MG .

ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS, 1989, 20 :171-197

[10]

Vale L., 2005, The resilient city: How modern cities recover from disaster

← 1 2 →