Microfabricated devices for genetic diagnostics

被引:126
作者
Mastrangelo, CH [1 ]
Burns, MA
Burke, DT
机构
[1] Univ Michigan, Ctr Integrated Sensors & Circuits, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[2] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[3] Univ Michigan, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
关键词
biological sensors; microfluidics;
D O I
10.1109/5.704282
中图分类号
TM [电工技术]; TN [电子技术、通信技术];
学科分类号
0808 ; 0809 ;
摘要
This paper presents a review of microfabricated devices for genetic diagnostics. Genetic diagnostics are powerful technology drivers and excellent candidate applications for miniaturization technologies because the demand for inexpensive genetic information is essentially unlimited, and the cost and time for the diagnostic decreases with sample volume. Genetic information is stored in long DNA molecules in solution. This information is processed and extracted using a series of enzymatic and other chemical reactions well known in molecular biology. Processing of DNA molecules in the microscale hence requires the implementation of microfluidic devices capable of handling, mixing, thermal cycling, separating, and detecting nano- and picoliter liquid samples. This paper discusses some of the fundamental macroscale protocols used for genetic analyses and how these processes scale down to microscopic volumes. The construction and performance of microfluidic devices for DNA amplification, separation, hybridization, and detection are discussed, showing that so far, no fundamental impediments exist for genetic diagnostics based on microelectromechanical systems. Some of the unresolved storage and packaging issues and future challenges for the practical implementation of these devices are also presented.
引用
收藏
页码:1769 / 1787
页数:19
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