Thallium contamination of water in Canada

被引:105
作者
Cheam, V [1 ]
机构
[1] Natl Water Res Inst Branch, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Res Branch, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada
来源
WATER QUALITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF CANADA | 2001年 / 36卷 / 04期
关键词
thallium distribution; Great Lakes; pore waters; Arctic; power plants; coal mines; lakes and rivers; background level; map of thallium distribution; toxicological significance;
D O I
10.2166/wqrj.2001.046
中图分类号
TV21 [水资源调查与水利规划];
学科分类号
081501 ;
摘要
Thallium. is highly toxic but has been an obscure element compared to its three popular neighbours, lead, mercury and cadmium. It is partly due to the scarcity of its analytical data, caused by its high analytical detection limit relative to the other three elements and by its generally low level in the environment. We have developed a highly sensitive instrument, a Laser-Excited Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer, to study thallium contamination in some important Canadian ecosystems from the Arctic (containing very low thallium. concentration) to coal-related industries across Canada and even to the study of thallium toxicity in an invertebrate, Hyalella azteca. Overall, our data indicate that the coal power plants and mines contain higher thallium concentrations than the other ecosystems studied, and the eastern region has the highest TI concentrations compared to other regions. The range of thallium concentration in ng/L for the Arctic snow and ice was between not detected and 8.4, for the Great Lakes waters 0.9 to 48, for pore waters 0.1 to 213, for western coal power plants and mines 0.1 to 1326, for central coal power plants 1.2 to 175, for eastern coal power plants and mines 0.2 to 23605, and for miscellaneous sites across Canada not detected to 4390 ng/L. Some of these high concentrations and those high ones reported in industrial wastewaters exceeded the chronic toxicity endpoints for Hyalella azteca mortality, growth and reproduction, thus can cause serious distress to the environment. All data were integrated into a map of thallium distribution, the first one in Canada. Natural background level of thallium for the Arctic was estimated to be 0.02 to 0.03 pg/g.
引用
收藏
页码:851 / 878
页数:28
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