Normalization of blood pressure and renal vascular resistance in SHR with a membrane-permeable superoxide dismutase mimetic - Role of nitric oxide

Superoxide radical (O-2(-)) is increased in the vessel wall of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) where its blockade potentiates endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of O-2(-) in the hypertension and renal vasoconstriction of SHR and its interaction with nitric oxide (NO). Baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal vascular resistance were markedly elevated in SHR (n=6) compared with Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY; n=6) (145+/-4 versus 118+/-4 mm Hg, P<0.05, and 24+/-3 versus 17+/-1 mm Hg . mL(-1) . min(-1), respectively; P<0.05). The stable membrane-permeable superoxide dismutase mimetic 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl (tempol; 72 mu mol/kg IV) normalized MAP (103+/-9 versus 96+/-6 mm Hg for SHR and WKY, respectively) and RVR (17+/-2 versus 15+/-1 mm Hg . mL(-1) . min(-1)) of SHR. The MAP of SHR was more sensitive and responsive to graded infusions of tempol (0, 1.8, 18, 180, and 1800 mu mol . kg(-1) . h(-1) IV) than that of WKY. To determine whether O-2(-) increases MAP by inactivation of NO, its synthesis was blocked in SHR with N-w-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 11 mu mol . kg(-1) . min(-1) IV, n=6). Whereas tempol alone significantly reduced MAP by 32% (184+/-12 to 121+/-18 mm Hg, P<0.05, n=6), L-NAME infusion abolished the MAP response to tempol (187+/-8 to 186+/-4 mm Hg, n=5). In contrast, tempol did reduce MAP of SHR (188+/-7 to 161+/-7 mm Hg, P<0.05) where MAP was elevated by norepinephrine (31 nmol . kg(-1) . min(-1) IV, n=6). Finally, to determine the longer-term effect of O-2(-), tempol (1.5 mmol . kg(-1) . d(-1) IP) was given for 7 days. Tempol had no effect on MAP in WKY (96+/-1 to 97+/-1 mm Hg, n=7) but significantly decreased MAP in SHR (133+/-2 to 120+/-3 mm Hg, P<0.05, n=7). These data implicate O-2(-) in the hypertension of SHR in vivo. The antihypertensive action of tempol depends on NO synthesis presumably because O-2(-) inactivates NO and thus diminishes its vasodilatory actions.