Occurrence of fungicide and insecticide residues in trade samples of leafy vegetables

The aim of this work was to report on a total of 23 fungicides and insecticides residues in 75 green and leafy vegetables (Swiss chards, Spinaches and Lettuces) collected from Ourense (NW Spain) by Spring 2007. The pesticides in the study samples were extracted with acetonitrile; the extracts were then cleaned-up by solid-phase extraction and concentrated before determination by PTV (Programmable Temperature Vaporization Injector) - GC-ITMS. Use of analyte protectants mixtures provided the best results in terms of effective compensation for matrix-induced enhancement effect. Pesticide residues were determined above the maxima residue limits (MRL) in 15 of the 75 analyzed samples, with a total of 18 violations of the MRL (three of the samples did not fulfil with two different pesticide MRL). The highest concentrations of fungicides were found in lettuce (procymidone, 12 mg/kg) and the highest concentrations of insecticides were found in Swiss chard (cypermethrin, 6 mg/kg). More positives for fungicides were detected and at larger concentrations than insecticides, especially for lettuces. Accumulation of pesticides in lettuces is higher than for the other leafy vegetables. The findings of this study pointed to the following recommendation: the need for a monitoring program for residues of iprodione and procymidone, together with cypermethrin, in food crops at the national level. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.