Acute stress rapidly and persistently enhances memory formation in the male rat

被引:145
作者
Shors, TJ
机构
[1] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Psychol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
[2] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Neurosci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
关键词
eyeblink conditioning; learned helplessness; noise stress; US preexposure; NMDA receptor; amygdala; cerebellum; associative learning and retention; fear conditioning;
D O I
10.1006/nlme.1999.3956
中图分类号
B84 [心理学]; C [社会科学总论]; Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号
03 ; 0303 ; 030303 ; 04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Previous studies, as well as the present one, report that acute exposure to intermittent tailshocks enhances classical eyeblink conditioning in male rats when trained 24 h after stressor cessation. In Experiment 1, it was determined that the facilitating effect of stress on conditioning could also be obtained in response to a stresser of acute inescapable swim stress but not inescapable noise or the unconditioned stimulus of periorbital eyelid stimulation. These selective responses arose despite comparable enhancements of the stress-related hormone corticosterone in response to tailshocks, periorbital eyelid stimulation, noise stress, and supraelevation in response to swim stress. Although corticosterone is necessary for the enhanced learning in response to stress (Beylin & Shors, 1999), these results suggest that it is not sufficient. In addition, the results suggest that the enhancement is not dependent on common characteristics between the stresser and the conditioning stimuli (stimulus generalization). In Experiment 2, it was determined that the facilitating effect of the stresser on conditioning occurs within 30 min of stresser cessation. Thus, the mechanism responsible for facilitating memory formation is rapidly induced as well as persistently expressed. In Experiment 3, it was determined that exposure to the stresser does not enhance performance of the conditioned response after the response has been acquired. Thus, exposure to the stresser enhances the formation of new associations rather than affecting retention or performance of the motor response. These studies extend the circumstances under which stress is known to enhance associative learning and implicate neural mechanisms of memory enhancement that are rapidly induced and persistently expressed. (C) 2001 Academic Press.
引用
收藏
页码:10 / 29
页数:20
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