Interlesion dependence of the risk for restenosis in patients with coronary stent placement in multiple lesions

Background-Little is known about the behavior with regard to restenosis of multiple lesions within the same patient treated with intracoronary stenting. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that there is an intrapatient dependence of restenosis between lesions. Methods and Results-Quantitative analysis was carried out on angiograms obtained before, immediately after, and at 6 months after coronary stent placement in 1734 lesions in 1244 patients. We used a specialized logistic regression that not only accounts for intraclass correlation but also quantifies it in the form of odds ratio (OR) as the change in risk of a lesion to develop restenosis if another companion lesion had restenosis. The model was based on 23 patient-and lesion-related variables with binary restenosis (diameter stenosis greater than or equal to 50%) as end point. The overall restenosis rate was 27.5%: 24.4% for single-lesion, 28.6% for double-lesion, and 33.8% for greater than or equal to 3-lesion interventions. After adjustment for the influence of significant factors (hypercholesterolemia, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, previous PTCA, ostial lesion, location in left anterior descending coronary artery, number of stents placed, vessel size, stenosis severity, balloon-to-vessel ratio, and final result), the analysis found a significant intrapatient correlation, OR 2.5 (1.8 to 3.6). This means that in patients with multilesion interventions, the risk of a lesion to develop restenosis is 2.5 times higher if a companion lesion has restenosis, independently of the presence or absence of analyzed patient risk factors (eg, diabetes). Conclusions-This study demonstrates that there is a dependence of restenosis between coronary lesions in patients who undergo a multilesion intervention. The likelihood of restenosis for a lesion is higher when another companion lesion has also developed restenosis. Other, as yet unidentified patient factors may be the source of this intrapatient correlation of restenosis.