Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola: A tropical urban environment

被引:919
作者
Ferreira-Baptista, L
De Miguel, E
机构
[1] ETSI Minas Madrid, Grupo Geoquim Ambiental, Madrid 28003, Spain
[2] Univ Agostinho Neto, Fac Ciencias, Dept Geol, Luanda, Angola
关键词
risk; exposure; trace elements; urban; children;
D O I
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.026
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
A total of 92 samples of street dust were collected in Luanda, Angola, were sieved below 100 mu m, and analysed by ICP-MS for 35 elements after an aqua-regia digestion. The concentration and spatial heterogeneity of trace elements in the street dust of Luanda are generally lower than in most industrialized cities in the Northern hemisphere. These observations reveal a predominantly "natural" origin for the street dust in Luanda, which is also manifested in that some geochemical processes that occur in natural soils are preserved in street dust: the separation of uranium from thorium, and the retention of the former by carbonate materials, or the high correlation between arsenic and vanadium due to their common mode of adsorption on solid particles in the form of oxyanions. The only distinct anthropogenic fingerprint in the composition of Luanda's street dust is the association Pb-Cd-Sb-Cu (and to a lesser extent, Ba-Cr-Zn). The use of risk assessment strategies has proved helpful in identifying the routes of exposure to street dust and the trace elements therein of most concern in terms of potential adverse health effects. In Luanda the highest levels of risk seem to be associated (a) with the presence of As and Pb in the street dust and (b) with the route of ingestion of dust particles, for all the elements included in the study except Hg, for which inhalation of vapours presents a slightly higher risk than ingestion. However, given the large uncertainties associated with the estimates of toxicity values and exposure factors, and the absence of site-specific biometric factors, these results should be regarded as preliminary and further research should be undertaken before any definite conclusions regarding potential health effects are drawn. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:4501 / 4512
页数:12
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