Energy spectra of strongly stratified and rotating turbulence

Turbulence under strong stratification and rotation is usually characterized as quasi-two-dimensional turbulence. We develop a "quasi-two-dimensional" energy spectrum which changes smoothly between the Kolmogorov - 5/3 law (no stratification), the - 2 scalings of Zhou [Phys. Fluids 7, 2092 (1995)] for the case of strong rotation, as well as the - 2 scalings for the case of strong rotation and stratification. For strongly stratified turbulence, the model may give the - 2 scaling predicted by Herring [Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 38, 106 1988], and the - 5/3 scaling indicated by some mesoscale observations.