A sediment budget for an urbanizing watershed, 1951-1996, Montgomery County, Maryland, U. S. A.

Despite widespread interest, few sediment budgets are available to document patterns of erosion and sedimentation in developing watersheds. We assess the sediment budget for the Good Hope Tributary, a small watershed (4.05 km(2)) in Montgomery County, Maryland, from 1951-1996. Lacking monitoring data spanning the period of interest, we rely on a variety of indirect and stratigraphic methods. Using regression equations relating sediment yield to construction, we estimated an upland sediment production of 5,700 m 3 between 1951 and 1996. Regression equations indicate that channel cross-sectional area is correlated with the extent of development; these relationships, when combined with historical land use data, suggest that upland sediment yield was augmented by 6,400 m(3) produced by enlargement of first-order and second-order stream channels. We used dendrochronology to estimate that 4,000 m 3 of sediment was stored on the floodplain from 1951-1996. The sediment yield from the watershed, obtained by summing upstream contributions, totals 8,100 m(3) of sediment, or 135 tons/km(2)/year. These results indicate that upland erosion, channel enlargement, and floodplain storage are all significant components of the sediment budget of our study area, and all three are approximately equal in magnitude. Erosion of "legacy'' floodplain sediments originally deposited during poor agricultural practices of the 19th and early 20th Centuries has likely contributed between 0 and 20% of the total sediment yield, indicating that these remobilized deposits are not a dominant component of the sediment yield of our study area.