Arsenic behavior in paddy fields during the cycle of flooded and non-flooded periods

被引:449
作者
Takahashi, Y [1 ]
Minamikawa, R
Hattori, KH
Kurishima, K
Kihou, N
Yuita, K
机构
[1] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Syst Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan
[2] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
[3] Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan
关键词
D O I
10.1021/es034383n
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The behavior of As in paddy fields is of great interest considering high As contents of groundwater in several Asian countries where rice is the main staple. We determined the concentrations of Fe, Mn, and As in soil, soil water and groundwater samples collected at different depths down to 2 m in an experimental paddy field in Japan during the cycle of flooded and non-flooded periods. In addition, we measured the oxidation states of Fe, Mn, and As in situ in soil samples using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and conducted sequential extraction of the soil samples. The results show that Fe (hydr)oxide hosts As in soil. Arsenic in irrigation waters is incorporated in Fe (hydr)oxide in soil during the non-flooded period, and the As is quickly released from soil to water during the flooded period because of reductive dissolution of the Fe (hydr)oxide phase and reduction of As from As(V) to As(III). The enhancement of As dissolution by the reduction of As is supported by high As/Fe ratios of soil water during the flooded period and our laboratory experiments where As(III) concentrations and As(III)/As(V) ratios in submerged soil were monitored. Our work, primarily based on data from an actual paddy field, suggests that rice plants are enriched in As because the rice grows in flooded paddy fields when mobile As(III) is released to soil water.
引用
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页码:1038 / 1044
页数:7
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