Chronic pancreatitis

Purpose of review We are beginning to better understand the causes of chronic pancreatitis. This knowledge will hopefully lead to better diagnosis and treatment and abandonment of ill-conceived treatments. This review highlights contributions that moved the field toward these goals in the past year. Recent findings Small steps have been made toward a better understanding of the molecular basis, particularly genetic causes, of the forms of chronic pancreatitis. Investigation of the role of stellate cells, an essential component of the fibrosis of chronic pancreatitis, has led to the finding that lovastatin inhibits stellate cell activation and could surface as a novel treatment of chronic pancreatitis. The clinical description of autoimmune pancreatitis has led to the realization that steroids are effective treatment for this form of chronic pancreatitis. Other treatments such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and endoscopic treatments have not been proved, because no controlled studies support these treatments over other treatments. The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis may be enhanced by the new imaging technique of electronic pancreatoscopy whereby a 2.1-mm diameter scope can be advanced into the pancreatic duct through a duodenoscope. However, the data are too preliminary at this time to advocate this imaging procedure. A potential new endoscopic pancreatic function test may lead to more widespread use of function testing, but this test is not perfected and also cannot be advised for use at present. Summary Ongoing basic and clinical research this past year has further characterized the genetic, molecular, and clinical aspects of chronic pancreatitis: efforts that may translate into novel therapies, once well-designed, controlled studies have been performed.