Timing of cholecystectomy after mild biliary pancreatitis

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate recurrent biliary events as a consequence of delay in cholecystectomy following mild biliary pancreatitis. Methods: Between 2004 and 2007, patients with acute pancreatitis were registered prospectively in 15 Dutch hospitals. Patients with mild biliary pancreatitis were candidates for cholecystectomy. Recurrent biliary events requiring admission before and after cholecystectomy, and after endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES), were evaluated. Results: Of 308 patients with mild biliary pancreatitis, 267 were candidates for cholecystectomy. Eighteen patients underwent cholecystectomy during the initial admission, leaving 249 potential candidates for cholecystectomy after discharge. Cholecystectomy was performed after a median of 6 weeks in 188 patients (75.5 per cent). Before cholecystectomy, 34 patients (13.7 per cent) were readmitted for biliary events, including 24 with recurrent biliary pancreatitis. ES was performed in 108 patients during the initial admission. Eight (7.4 per cent) of these patients suffered from biliary events after ES and before cholecystectomy, compared with 26 (18.4 per cent) of 141 patients who did not have ES (risk ratio 0.51, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.27 to 0.94; P = 0.015). Following cholecystectomy, eight (3.9 per cent) of 206 patients developed biliary events after a median of 31 weeks. Only 142 (53.2 per cent) of 267 patients were treated in accordance with the Dutch guideline, which recommends cholecystectomy or ES during the index admission or within 3 weeks thereafter. Conclusion: A delay in cholecystectomy after mild biliary pancreatitis carries a substantial risk of recurrent biliary events. ES reduces the risk of recurrent pancreatitis but not of other biliary events.