Single rapid real-time monitored isothermal RNA amplification assay for quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from groups M, N, and O

Because human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) are spreading rapidly worldwide and are becoming less confined to a geographical area, RNA assays that can detect and quantify all HIV-1 isolates reliably are in demand. We have developed a fast, real-time monitored RNA assay based on an isothermal nucleic acid sequence-based amplification technology that amplifies a part of the long terminal repeat region of the HIV-1 genome. Real-time detection was possible due to the addition of molecular beacons to the amplification reaction that was monitored in a fluorimeter with a thermostat. The lower le c el of detection of the assay was 10 HIV-1 RNA molecules per reaction, and the lower level of quantification was 100 copies of HIV-1 RNA,vith a dynamic range of linear quantification between 10(2) and 10(7) RNA molecules. All HIV-1 groups, subtypes, and CRFs could be detected and quantified with equal efficiency, including the group N isolate YBF30 and the group O isolate ANT70, To test the clinical utility of the assay, a series of 62 serum samples containing viruses that encompassed subtypes A through G and CRFs AE and AG of HIV-1 group M were analyzed, and these results were compared to the results of a commercially available assay. This comparison showed that the quantification results correlated highly (R-2 = 0.735) for those subtypes that could be well quantified by both assays (subtypes B, C, D, and Fl, whereas improved quantification was obtained for subtypes A and G and CRFs AE and Ac, A retrospective study with six individuals infected with either a subtype A, B, C, or D or an AG isolate of HIV-1 group hi, who were treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy, revealed that the assay was well suited to the monitoring of therapy effects.. In conclusion, the newly developed real-time monitored HIV-I assay is a fast and sensitive assay with a large dynamic range of quantification and is suitable for quantification of most if not all subtypes and groups of HIV-1.