Optimal decentralized charging control algorithm for electrified vehicles connected to smart grid

被引:144
作者
Ahn, Changsun [1 ]
Li, Chiao-Ting [1 ]
Peng, Huei [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Auto Lab G041, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Charging control; Decentralized control; Electrified vehicle; Grid-to-vehicle (G2V); Valley-filling; Frequency regulation; LOAD CONTROL; MANAGEMENT;
D O I
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.06.093
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号
070304 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Electrified vehicles (EV) and renewable power sources are two important technologies for sustainable ground transportation. If left unmitigated, the additional electric load could over-burden the electric grid. Meanwhile, a challenge for integrating renewable power sources into the grid lies in the fact their intermittency requires more regulation services which makes them expensive to deploy. Fortunately. EVs are controllable loads and the charging process can be interrupted. This flexibility makes it possible to manipulate EV charging to reduce the additional electric load and accommodate the intermittency of renewable power sources. To illustrate this potential, a two-level optimal charging algorithm is designed, which achieves both load shifting and frequency regulation. Load shifting can be realized through coordination of power generation and vehicle charging while reducing power generation cost and carbon dioxide emissions. To ensure practicality, a decentralized charging algorithm for load shifting is formulated by emulating the charging pattern identified through linear programming optimization solutions. The frequency regulation is also designed based on frequency droop that can be implemented in a decentralized way. The two control objectives can be integrated because they are functionally separated by time scale. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed decentralized algorithm. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:10369 / 10379
页数:11
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