Transmission of Leishmania metacyclic promastigotes by phlebotomine sand flies

被引:386
作者
Bates, Paul A. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England
基金
英国惠康基金;
关键词
Leishmania; Viannia; life cycle; promastigote secretory gel; metacyclic promastigotes; regurgitation; sand fly; saliva;
D O I
10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.04.003
中图分类号
R38 [医学寄生虫学]; Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 [理学]; 0710 [生物学]; 09 [农学]; 100103 [病原生物学];
摘要
A thorough understanding of the transmission mechanism of any infectious agent is crucial to implementing an effective intervention strategy. Here, our current understanding of the mechanisms that Leishmania parasites use to ensure their transmission from sand fly vectors by bite is reviewed. The most important mechanism is the creation of a "blocked fly" resulting from the secretion of promastigote secretory gel (PSG) by the parasites in the anterior midgut. This forces the sand fly to regurgitate PSG before it can bloodfeed, thereby depositing both PSG and infective metacyclic promastigotes in the skin of a mammalian host. Other possible factors in transmission are considered: damage to the stomodeal valve; occurrence of parasites in the salivary glands; and excretion of parasites from the anus of infected sand flies. Differences in the transmission mechanisms employed by parasites in the three subgenera, Leishmania, Viannia and Sauroleishmania are also addressed. (c) 2007 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1097 / 1106
页数:10
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