Cyanogenic glycosides and menisdaurin from Guazuma ulmifolia, Ostrya virginiana, Tiquilia plicata, and Tiquilia canescens

被引:44
作者
Seigler, DS
Pauli, GF
Fröhlich, R
Wegelius, E
Nahrstedt, A
Glander, KE
Ebinger, JE
机构
[1] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
[2] Univ Illinois, Dept Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
[3] Univ Munster, Inst Organ Chem, D-48149 Munster, Germany
[4] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Chem, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland
[5] Univ Munster, Inst Pharmazeut Biol & Phytochem, D-48149 Munster, Germany
[6] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA
[7] Eastern Illinois Univ, Charleston, IL 61920 USA
关键词
cyanogenic glycosides; Guazuma ulmifolia; Sterculiaceae; Ostrya virginiana; Betulaceae; Tiquilia canescens; Tiquilia plicata; Boraginaceae; menisdaurin; (2R)-taxiphyllin; (2S)-dhurrin; long-range coupling; nitrile glucosides;
D O I
10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.02.021
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The major cyanogenic glycoside of Guazuma ulmifolia (Sterculiaceae) is (2R)-taxiphyllin (> 90%), which co-occurs with (2S)-dhurrin. Few individuals of this species, but occasional other members of the family, have been reported to be cyanogenic. To date, cyanogenic compounds have not been characterized from the Sterculiaceae. The cyanogenic glycosides of Ostrya virginiana (Betulaceae) are (2S)-dhurrin and (2R)-taxiphyllin in an approximate 2:1 ratio. This marks the first report of the identification of cyanogenic compounds from the Betulaceae. Based on NMR spectroscopic and TLC data, the major cyanogenic glucoside of Tiquilia plicata is dhurrin, whereas the major cyanide-releasing compound of Tiquilia canescens is the nitrile glucoside, menisdaurin. NMR and TLC data indicate that both compounds are present in each of these species. The spectrum was examined by CI-MS, H-1 and C-13 NMR, COSY, 1D selective TOCSY, NOESY, and (1)J/(2,3)J HETCOR experiments; all carbons and protons are assigned. The probable absolute configuration of (2R)-dhurrin is established by an X-ray crystal structure. The 1H NMR spectrum of menisdaurin is more complex than might be anticipated, containing a planar conjugated system in which most elements are coupled to several other atoms in the molecule. The coupling of one vinyl proton to the protons on the opposite side of the ring involves a (6)J- and a (5/7)J-Coupling pathway. A biogenetic pathway for the origin of nitrile glucosides is proposed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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页码:1567 / 1580
页数:14
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