Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

被引：795

作者：

Brienen, R. J. W. ^{[1
]}

Phillips, O. L. ^{[1
]}

Feldpausch, T. R. ^{[1
,2
]}

Gloor, E. ^{[1
]}

Baker, T. R. ^{[1
]}

Lloyd, J. ^{[3
,4
]}

Lopez-Gonzalez, G. ^{[1
]}

Monteagudo-Mendoza, A. ^{[5
]}

Malhi, Y. ^{[6
]}

Lewis, S. L. ^{[1
,7
]}

Vasquez Martinez, R. ^{[5
]}

Alexiades, M. ^{[8
]}

Alvarez Davila, E. ^{[9
]}

Alvarez-Loayza, P. ^{[10
]}

Andrade, A. ^{[11
,12
]}

Aragao, L. E. O. C. ^{[2
,13
]}

Araujo-Murakami, A. ^{[14
]}

Arets, E. J. M. M. ^{[15
]}

Arroyo, L. ^{[14
]}

Aymard C, G. A. ^{[16
]}

Banki, O. S. ^{[17
]}

Baraloto, C. ^{[18
,19
]}

Barroso, J. ^{[20
]}

Bonal, D. ^{[21
]}

Boot, R. G. A. ^{[22
]}

Camargo, J. L. C. ^{[11
,12
]}

Castilho, C. V. ^{[23
]}

Chama, V. ^{[24
]}

Chao, K. J. ^{[1
,25
]}

Chave, J. ^{[26
]}

Comiskey, J. A. ^{[27
]}

Cornejo Valverde, F. ^{[28
]}

da Costa, L. ^{[29
]}

de Oliveira, E. A. ^{[30
]}

Di Fiore, A. ^{[31
]}

Erwin, T. L. ^{[32
]}

Fauset, S. ^{[1
]}

Forsthofer, M. ^{[30
]}

Galbraith, D. R. ^{[1
]}

Grahame, E. S. ^{[1
]}

Groot, N. ^{[1
]}

Herault, B. ^{[33
]}

Higuchi, N. ^{[11
,12
]}

Coronado, E. N. Honorio ^{[1
,34
]}

Keeling, H. ^{[1
]}

Killeen, T. J. ^{[35
]}

Laurance, W. F. ^{[36
,37
]}

Laurance, S. ^{[36
,37
]}

Licona, J. ^{[38
]}

Magnussen, W. E. ^{[39
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England

[2] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Geog, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England

[3] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England

[4] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia

[5] Prolongac Bolognesi Mze, Jardin Bot Missouri, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru

[6] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford OX1 3QK, England

[7] UCL, Dept Geog, London WC1E 6BT, England

[8] Univ Kent, Sch Anthropol & Conservat, Canterbury CT1 3EH, Kent, England

[9] Jardin Bot Medellin, Serv Ecosistemicosy Cambio Climat, Medellin 050010, Colombia

[10] Duke Univ, Ctr Trop Conservat, Durham, NC 27708 USA

[11] INPA, Biol Dynam Forest Fragment Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

[12] STRI, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

[13] Natl Inst Space Res INPE, BR-12227010 Sao Paulo, Brazil

[14] Univ Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Museo Hist Nat Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz, Bolivia

[15] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Alterra, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands

[16] Herbario Univ PORT, Programa Cienclas Agro & Mar, UNELLEZ Guanare, Mesa De Cavacas 3350, Estado Portugue, Venezuela

[17] Univ Amsterdam, Biodiversiteit Ecosyst Dynam, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands

[18] INRA, UMR EcoFoG, F-97310 Kourou, French Guiana

[19] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Int Ctr Trop Bot, Miami, FL 33199 USA

[20] Univ Fed Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil

[21] INRA, UMR Ecol & Ecophysiol Forestiere 1137, F-54280 Seichamps, France

[22] Tropenbos Int, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, Netherlands

[23] Embrapa Roraima, BR-69301970 Bio Vista, RR, Brazil

[24] Univ Nacl San Antonio Abad Cusco, Cuzco, Peru

[25] Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Int Master Program Agr, Taichung 40227, Taiwan

[26] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR Evolut & Divers Biol 5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France

[27] Natl Pk Serv, Northeast Reg Inventory & Monitoring Program, Fredericksburg, VA 22405 USA

[28] Andes toAmazon Biodivers Program, Madre De Dios, Peru

[29] Fed Univ Para, Ctr Geociencias, BR-66017970 Belem, Para, Brazil

[30] Univ Estado Mato Grosso, BR-78690000 Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil

[31] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Anthropol, Austin, TX 78712 USA

[32] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA

[33] Cirad, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97310 Kourou, French Guiana

[34] Inst Invest Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru

[35] World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037 USA

[36] James Cook Univ, Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci TESS, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia

[37] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Environm Sci, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia

[38] Inst Boliviano Invest Forestal, Santa Cruz 6201, Bolivia

[39] Natl Inst Res Amazonia INPA, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

[40] FOMABO, Manejo Forestal Tierras Trop Bolivia, Sacta, Bolivia

[41] UMSS, Escuela Ciencias Forestales ESFOR, Sacta, Bolivia

[42] Univ Estatal Amazon, Fac Ingn Ambiental, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador

[43] Natl Inst Res Amazonia INPA, BR-69080971 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

[44] Univ Autonoma Beni, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia

[45] Wageningen Univ, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands

[46] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA

[47] Univ Nacl Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru

[48] Univ Los Andes, Inst Invest Desarrollo Forestal INDEFOR, Fac Cienclas Forestales & Ambientales, Merida 5101, Venezuela

[49] Iwokrama Int Ctr Rainforest Conservat & Dev, Georgetown, Guyana

[50] Univ Nacl Colombia, Inst Ciencias Nat, Bogota 111321, Colombia

来源：

NATURE | 2015年 / 519卷 / 7543期

基金：

英国自然环境研究理事会;

关键词：

TROPICAL FOREST; EXPERIMENTAL DROUGHT; WOOD PRODUCTIVITY; TREE MORTALITY; TURNOVER RATES; SENSITIVITY; GROWTH; RECRUITMENT; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS;

D O I：

10.1038/nature14283

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Atmospheric carbon dioxide records indicate that the land surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent decades(1,2), with a substantial fraction of this sink probably located in the tropics', particularly in the Amazon(4). Nevertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink will evolve as climate and atmospheric composition continue to change. Here we analyse the historical evolution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed network of 321 plots. While this analysis confirms that Amazon forests have acted as a long-term net biomass sink, we find a long-term decreasing trend of carbon accumulation. Rates of net increase in above-ground biomass declined by one-third during the past decade compared to the 1990s. This is a consequence of growth rate increases levelling off recently, while biomass mortality persistently increased throughout, leading to a shortening of carbon residence times. Potential drivers for the mortality increase include greater climate variability, and feedbacks of faster growth on mortality, resulting in shortened tree longevity(5). The observed decline of the Amazon sink diverges markedly from the recent increase in terrestrial carbon uptake at the global scale", and is contrary to expectations based on models(6).

引用

页码：344 / +

页数：17

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