Wide somatic hybrids of Citrus with its related genera and their potential in genetic improvement

Citrus wild relatives are an untapped germplasm reservoir, which possesses many elite resistance traits. Genetic introgression into Citrus by conventional methods has been greatly hindered by polyembryony, pollen / ovule sterility, sexual / graft incompatibility, long juvenility etc. Somatic hybridization via protoplast fusion may make it possible to transfer genes from wild relatives to Citrus. To date, more than sixty sexually compatible or incompatible intergeneric somatic hybrids between Citrus and its various related wild genera have been produced by PEG - or electrically - induced fusion. These wide somatic hybrids were identified by morphology, cytology, isozyme, RAPD and RFLP analyses. Genetic variation or recombination was also revealed in some of them. Several sexually compatible combinations have flowered and set fruits. The agronomic performance of these wide somatic hybrids is diverse, and the current results are not conclusive. Somatic hybrids are being tested as rootstocks. The prospects of wide somatic hybridization of Citrus with its wild relatives are discussed.