Steps toward recovery of function after hemilabyrinthectomy in frogs

Removal of the labyrinthine organs on one side results in a number of severe postural and dynamic reflex deficits, Over time some of these behavioral deficits normalize again, At a chronic stage the brain of frogs exhibits a number of changes in vestibular and propriospinal circuits on the operated side that were studied in vitro, The onset of changes in the vestibular nuclear complex was delayed, became evident only after head posture had recovered by more than 50%, and was independent of the presence or absence of a degeneration of vestibular nerve afferent fibers, The time course of changes measured in the isolated spinal cord paralleled the time course of normalization of head and body posture. Results obtained after selective lesions of individual labyrinthine nerve branches show that unilateral inactivation of utricular afferent inputs is a necessary and sufficient condition to provoke postural deficits and propriospinal changes similar to those after the removal of all labyrinthine organs, The presence of multiple synaptic changes at distributed anatomic sites over different periods of time suggests that different parts of the central nervous system are involved in the normalization of different manifestations of the vestibular lesion syndrome.