Mechanistic studies of palladium-catalysed carbonylation reactions of nitro compounds to isocyanates, carbamates and ureas

被引:77
作者
Ragaini, F [1 ]
Cenini, S [1 ]
机构
[1] CTR CNR,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY
关键词
carbonylation; nitro compounds; isocyanates; carbamates; ureas; palladium; mechanistic studies;
D O I
10.1016/1381-1169(96)00004-0
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号
070304 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Many different palladium-based catalytic systems have been reported for the carbonylation reactions of organic nitro compounds to isocyanates, carbamates and ureas. Almost all of these can be roughly divided into three groups: (i) those containing a second (or even a third) metal (usually a Lewis acid or a metal oxo compound or both), (ii) those in which phenanthroline or similar chelating nitrogen ligands are used and (iii) those in which monodentate phosphines are employed as ligands. The systems in which chelating phosphines are used as ligands lie in between the last two groups. The reaction mechanisms for the catalytic systems in each group appear to be related. Most of the information available does not derive from strictly mechanistic studies, but rather from synthetic studies and it is here critically analysed and compared with the information obtained from other related fields.
引用
收藏
页码:1 / 25
页数:25
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