Studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of Clerodendron trichotomum Thunberg leaves

Clerodendron trichotomum Thunberg Leaves (CTL) have been used for centuries in Chinese folk medicine for their anti-inflammatory properties. We have studied the anti-inflammatory effects of CTL extracts in rats, mice and in Raw 264.7 cells. 1 mg/kg solutions of the 30% and 60% methanol extracts of CTL were used and a 1 mg/kg of indomethacin was used as a positive anti-inflammatory standard; these were then administrated to rats. Carrageenan was injected subcutaneously to induce hind paw edema in rats. The result of carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema showed that a 1 mg/kg of the 30%, and 60% methanol fraction of CTL and 1 mg/kg of indomethacin inhibited the hind paw edema by 19.5%, 23.0%, and 20.5% respectively. The effect of CTL on inflammation in mice by a capillary permeability assay was examined by detecting Evans blue leakage from capillaries after the intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid, a potent inflammatory stimulus. The 60% methanol fraction of CTL inhibited Evans blue dye leakage by 47.0%, which was 10% higher than that of the inhibition of 1 mg/kg of indomethacin. Also, the 60% methanol fraction of CTL suppressed the prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) generation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by as much as the inhibition of 1 mg/kg of indomethacin and this led to the synthesis of PGE(2) by COX-2 induction. The inhibition of the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, vascular permeability and the PGE(2) generation demonstrates that the 60% methanol fraction of CTL contains a potent anti-inflammatory activity.