Randomized trial of allogeneic related bone marrow transplantation versus peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia

Seventy-two chronic mycloid leukemia patients were enrolled as part of a larger randomized trial at 3 centers between March 1996 and July 2001 to undergo either HLA-matched related allogeneic bone marrow (13M) or filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor)-mobilized peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation. Forty patients received BM, and 32 patients received PBSCs. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), overall survival, disease-free survival, or non-relapse-related mortality between patients receiving BM or PBSC transplants. The cumulative incidence of grade 11 to W acute GVHD was 49% in BM and 55% in PBSC recipients (P =.48). The cumulative incidence of clinical extensive chronic GVHD was 50% in BM and 59% in PBSC recipients (P =.46). Among 62 chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients, there was no significant difference in overall survival (87% versus 81%; P =.59), disease-free survival (80% versus 81%; P =.61), or non-relapse-related mortality (13% versus 19%; P =.60) by cell source (BM versus PBSCs). Among chronic phase patients, however, there was a trend toward a higher cumulative incidence of relapse at 3 years in BM recipients (7% versus 0%; P =.10) and a higher cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD in PBSC recipients (59% versus 40%; P = 11). The trend toward a higher relapse incidence in BM recipients persisted with a longer follow-up. (C) 2005 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.