Reduced Mg2+ blockade of synaptically activated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-channels in CA1 pyramidal neurons in kainic acid-lesioned rat hippocampus

Unilateral kainic acid lesion in the hippocampus caused a long-term change in the balance between excitatory and inhibitory drive onto CAI pyramidal cells, making these cells hyperexcitable several weeks post-lesion. In this study, we have shown an enhanced N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated component in the excitatory synaptic transmission together with a reduced GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibition in CA1 pyramidal cells one-week post kainic acid lesion. In these cells, pharmacologically isolated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated whole-cell excitatory postsynaptic currents were significantly larger at negative holding potentials, and the voltage-dependence of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channels was shifted in the hyperpolarizing direction. The plot of relative conductance (g/g(Max)) shifted significantly (P<0.01) to more negative holding potentials by 19 mV (- 28 +/- 4 mV in control slices and - 47 +/- 4 mV in kainic acid slices) at thr half maximal conductance point (g/g(Max)=0.5). This shift gives a larger N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated component in the excitatory synaptic transmission at resting membrane potentials (around - 60 mV). The shifted voltage dependence is highly sensitive to extracellular Mg2+ ions. Moderate increases in [Mg2+](o) from 1 mM to 2.6 mM more than compensated for the negative shift and effectively suppressed the population epileptiform bursting activity. Fitting the voltage dependence to an ionic block model revealed a higher dissociation constant of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channels for Mg2+ in kainic acid-lesioned slices (52 mM at 0 mV; 330 mu M at - 60 mV) than in control slices (7.7 mM at 0 mV; 93 mu M at - 60 mV). While a simple single site model adequately fitted the control data for [Mg2+](o) at 1 mM and 2.6 mM, no consistent model of this form was found for the kainic acid-lesioned slices. These results revealed changed properties of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channels in the kainic acid-lesioned model of epilepsy. The reduced Mg2+ blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channels contributed significantly to the epileptiform bursting activity. (C) 1998 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.