Multiple cellular processes affected by the absence of the Rpb4 subunit of RNA polymerase II contribute to the deficiency in the stress response of the yeast rpb4Δ mutant

We previously described the isolation of yeast mutants (sex mutants) that secrete reduced amounts of mature alpha -factor when it is synthesized as part of a fusion with prosomatostatin. In the present study we show that the sex3-1 mutant displays pleiotropic phenotypes. These include an abnormal morphology, an osmoremediable caffeine sensitivity, reduced secretion of mature alpha -factor, a weakened cell wall and a marked deficiency in halotolerance. Cloning of the SEX3 gene revealed that it is identical to the RPB4 gene. This gene encodes the fourth largest subunit of yeast RNA polymerase II, which has been postulated to play a major role in the response to stress. We show that transcriptional activation in response to either a cell wall stress or to growth in the presence of elevated salt concentrations is minimally affected by the loss of RPB4 function. However, whereas the levels of several mRNAs are similarly reduced (by about 30%) in rpb4 mutants grown in rich medium at moderate temperature, some transcripts, in particular ZDS1, are more abundant. An increase dosage of ZDS1, or of genes involved in cell wall assembly and in secretion (RHO1 and SRO77, respectively), partially suppresses the sensitivity of rpb4 Delta cells to high temperature, heat shock and stationary phase. Collectively, our results indicate that the loss of Rpb4p perturbs several cellular functions that contribute to the inappropriate stress response of rpb4 Delta yeast. We therefore conclude that this RNA polymerase II subunit is not specifically involved in the stress response.