Diffraction-limited gradient-index (GRIN) microlenses with high numerical apertures produced by silver ion exchange in glass: diffusion modeling and process optimization

被引：14

作者：

Messerschmidt, B ^{[1
]}

Possner, U ^{[1
]}

von Pfeil, A ^{[1
]}

Possner, T ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Fraunhofer Inst Angew Opt & Feinmech, D-07745 Jena, Germany

来源：

INORGANIC OPTICAL MATERIALS | 1998年 / 3424卷

关键词：

silver ion exchange; diffusion modeling; micro-optic lenses; diffraction limit; cylindrical lenses; rod lenses; high-power laser-diodes; endoscopes;

D O I：

10.1117/12.323759

中图分类号：

T [工业技术];

学科分类号：

08 ;

摘要：

Cylindrical and rod gradient-index (GRIN) lenses with numerical apertures of 0.5 are produced by silver ion exchange in a sodium-aluminosilicate glass. Choosing the appropriate glass composition enables the generation of refractive index changes of 0.145 in the glass without coloration in the visible range (VIS). Diffraction-limited optical performance of lenses of up to 1.3 mm in thickness or diameter is achieved by ion exchange modeling which comprises the following steps: 1. The concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient of the glass is experimentally determined by the Boltzmann-Matano method. 2. Process control is provided by the measured dopant concentration/refractive index relation and the glass/salt equilibrium dependence. 3. The ion exchange process is optimized by solving the non-linear diffusion equation for two steps under different boundary conditions. 4. Diffraction-limited lenses up to numerical apertures of 0.5 are generated by applying the optimized process parameters to the ion exchange.

引用

页码：88 / 96

页数：9