Evolutionary conservation of circulating soluble low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-like ("LRP-like") molecules

Low density lipoprotein receptor family members characteristically bind 39-kDa receptor associated protein (RAP), Soluble forms of these receptors have been described in humans including the 515/85-kDa dimeric receptor, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP/alpha(2)MR), which is involved in multiple processes including lipoprotein and protease metabolism. Here we demonstrate evolutionary conservation in the generation of these soluble RAP-binding proteins of high molecular weight, by identifying their presence in mammalian, avian, and reptilian sera as well as in the circulating haemolymph of a mollusc. Sera extracted on immobilized RAP, produced bands at approximately 500 kDa in radiolabeled ligand blots by using the LRP/alpha(2)MR-specific ligand, Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PEA), These findings suggest that circulating RAP-binding proteins with high molecular weight in vertebrates share features of LRP/alpha(2)MR (LRP-like molecules). RAP-binding molecules in the mammalian serum extracts were further characterized as LRP/alpha(2)MR homologues in Western blots by using antibodies against the 515-kDa alpha-chain of LRP/alpha(2)MR. Western blots of mammalian serum extracts using two monoclonal antibodies recognizing the 85-kDa transmembrane beta-chain suggested that a portion of the beta-chain's ectodomain remains associated with the alpha-chain, but the beta-chain's intracellular carboxy terminus is absent. These results are consistent with evolutionary conservation in the generation, composition, and ligand-binding ability of soluble LRP-like receptors and suggest that their presence is a necessary aspect of the receptor's function. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.