Detection of leaf and canopy EWT by calculating REWT from reflectance spectra

The spectral characteristics of and the interaction between leaves and light were analysed based on the optical absorption coefficients of foliar water and biochemical components. The equations for calculating the radiative-equivalent water thickness (REWT) of leaves and canopy were presented based on the difference in reflectance at 945 and 975 nm. Because of the direct reflection on leaf surface and the leaf internal scattering, the REWT derived from the Beer-Lambert principle was different from the leaf or canopy equivalent water thickness (EWT). Two independent datasets at canopy or leaf scales were designed to calibrate and validate the relationships between EWT and REWT. The results show that (1) the leaf or canopy REWT can be calculated from the reflectance difference between 945 and 975 nm; (2) the leaf REWT was 3.3 times larger than the EWT with a significant determination coefficient (R(2)) of 0.80 for our dataset and 0.86 for the Leaf Optical Properties Experiment (LOPEX'93) dataset; (3) the canopy REWT was 1.4 times larger than the EWT with a significant R(2) of 0.56 for the winter wheat canopy spectral dataset in 2002, and 0.61 for the 2004 dataset. Therefore, the leaf or canopy EWT can be detected by calculating REWT from the difference in reflectance at 945 and 975 nm. Furthermore, because the relationship between REWT and EWT reflected the interaction of light with leaves or canopy, the multiple scattering optical pathlength in the near-infrared (NIR) bands can also be calculated by the ratio of REWT to EWT.