Modelling forest-savanna mosaic dynamics in man-influenced environments: effects of fire, climate and soil heterogeneity

被引:94
作者
Favier, C [1 ]
Chave, J
Fabing, A
Schwartz, D
Dubois, MA
机构
[1] CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Etat Condense, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
[2] Lab Ecol Terrestre, F-31029 Toulouse, France
[3] Univ Strasbourg 1, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
关键词
forest-savanna ecotone; stochastic model; cellular automata; fire; seed dispersal;
D O I
10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.07.003
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Forests and savannas are the major ecotypes in humid tropical regions. Under present climatic conditions, forest is in a phase of natural expansion over savanna, but traditional human activities, especially fires, have strongly influenced the succession. We here present a new model, FORSAT, dedicated to the forest-savanna mosaic on a landscape scale and based on stochastic modelling of key processes (fire and succession cycle) and consistent with common field data. The model is validated by comparison between the qualitative emergent behaviour of the model and results of biogeographical field studies. Three types of forest succession are shown: progression of the forest edge, fort-nation and coalescence of clumps in savanna and global afforestation of savanna. The parameters (frequency of savanna fires, climate and soil fertility) appear to have comparable effects and there is a sharp threshold between a forest edge progression scenario and the cluster formation one. Moreover, pioneer seed dispersal pattern and recruitment are determinant: peaked curves near a seed source and far dispersal combine to increase the fitness of the pioneers. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:85 / 102
页数:18
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