Radiofrequency ablation of renal cell carcinoma

Small renal cell carcinomas of less than 4 cm diameter have been detected increasingly in asymptomatic patients because of the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging. Radical or partial nephrectomy is generally considered the reference for the treatment of a solitary renal cell carcinoma. However, for those patients who are not candidates for surgery, minimally invasive procedures may be desirable. Although percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma is a recent innovation, the results of preliminary clinical series and animal studies are encouraging, and show it to be technically feasible with minimal morbidity. In this article, we review the technique, indications, imaging findings, as well as the results of clinical and animal studies of radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.