Morphology and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) and starch blends prepared by gelation/crystallization from solutions

In an attempt to produce biodegradation materials, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) starch (ST) blends were prepared by gelation/crystallization from semidilute solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) and water mixtures and elongated up to 8 times. The content of mixed solvent represented as Me2SO/H2O (volume percent) was set to be 60/ 40 assuring the greatest drawability of PVA homopolymer films. The PVA/ST compositions chosen were 1/1, 1/3, and 1/5. The elongation up to 8 times could be done for the 1/1 blend but any elongation was impossible for blends whose ST content was beyond 50%. When the blends were immersed in water at 20 or 83 degreesC, the solubility became considerable for an undrawn blend with 1/5 composition and a drawn 1/1 blend with lambda = 8. To avoid this phenomenon, cross-linking of PVA chains was carried out by formalization under formaldehyde vapor. Significant improvement could be established by the cross-linking of PVA chains. For the 1/1 blend, the amount of ST dissolved in water at 23 degreesC was less than 3% for the undrawn state and 25% for the drawn film. The decrease in the ST content was enough for use as biodegradation materials. Namely, the water content relating to the biodegradation in soil is obviously different from such a serious experimental condition that a piece of blend film was immersed in a water bath. At temperatures above 0 degreesC, the storage modulus of the formalization blends became slightly higher than those of the nonformalization blends. The Young's modulus of the drawn films with a draw ratio of 8 times was 2 GPa at 20 degreesC.